高考英语阅读理解真题104(含答案解析)

2020年山东卷

D

According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.

To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.

Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.

For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.

The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the "I'll have what she's having'' effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?

12.What isthe recent study mainly about?

A. Food safety. B. Movie viewer ship. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.

13.What does the underlined word ''beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to?

A. Bigeaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.

14.Why did the researchers hire the actor?

A. To see how she would affect the participants.

B. To testif the participants could recognize her.

C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.

D. To study why she could keep her weight down.

15.On what basis do we "adjust the influence" according to the last paragraph?

A. How hungry we are. B.How slim we want to be.

C. How we perceive others. D.How we feel about the food.

答案解析：

12. D. 该研究关注的是我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯如何影响我们的食物摄入量，这是进食行为的一个关键方面。

13. D. beanpoles"这个词是口语词汇，通常指的是又高又瘦的人，这与超重相反。

14. A. 研究者雇佣演员是为了模拟某些饮食习惯，并观察这些行为如何影响参与者的饮食习惯，而不是为了其他列出的原因。

15. C. 最后一段指出，我们根据如何感知他人来调整影响。如果一个瘦人吃很多，我们可能会效仿，因为我们感知到他们可以吃很多而保持苗条;而如果一个超重的人吃很多，我们可能会有所克制，因为我们感知到他们饮食习惯的负面后果。