英语六级翻译训练题及答案：科举考试

题目：

自隋朝起,封建政府开始从科举考试(imperial examination)合格的应试者中选拔官员。参加科举考试的人有两种:一种由学馆选送的学生构成,叫做生徒 (shengtu);另一种叫做乡贡(xianggong),由县试合格者构成。唐朝的科举考试一般由礼部(Ministry of Rites)主持。考生考取后,再经吏部(Ministry of Personnel)复试,根据成绩授予相应的官职。科举制度一直被多朝沿用,直到中国最后一个封建王朝—清朝。然而,明清时期,科举制度演变成严格、呆板的制度,阻碍了中国考试制度的现代化和科学化发展。

参考答案：

Since the Sui Dynasty, the feudal government began selecting officials from those who passed the imperial examination. There were two types of candidates participating in the imperial examination. One consisted of students selected by academies, known as “shengtu” (生徒). The other type, called “xianggong” (乡贡), was composed of those who passed the county examination. During the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination was generally presided over by the Ministry of Rites. After passing the examination, candidates would undergo a re-examination by the Ministry of Personnel, and corresponding official positions would be conferred based on their performance. The imperial examination system was continuously used by various dynasties until the Qing Dynasty, the last feudal dynasty in China. However, during the Ming and Qing periods, the imperial examination system became rigid and inflexible, hindering the modernization and scientific development of the Chinese examination system.

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