upward reference

Reference upper level of cardiac markers in myocardial damage;

心肌损伤时心肌标志物参考上限的建立

The fashionable textbook of circuit and electric machine have not pay sufficient attention to the reference direction,even is given error description.

流行的电路和电机教科书对参考方向问题缺乏足够的重视,甚至出现错误的叙述。

Circuit simulation experiment indicates that it has actual meaning and function to analyse actual circuit by grasping settlement of reference direction in PSpice.

电路仿真实验表明,熟练掌握PSpice中参考方向的设定,对实际电路分析具有实际意义和作用。

The “reference direction”, which plays an important role in the electric circuit, is a kind of method and means for analyzing and calculating the electric circuit.

“参考方向”在电路中起着十分重要的作用,是分析计算电路的一种方法和手段。