“梦舟”“揽月” 中国计划2030年前实现载人登月开展科学探索

央视网消息：正月十五元宵节，中国载人航天工程办公室对外发布消息称：经公开征集评选，中国载人月球探测任务新飞行器名称确定，新一代载人飞船命名为“梦舟”，月面着陆器命名为“揽月”。目前，中国载人月球探测工程登月阶段任务已启动实施，计划先期开展无人登月飞行，并在2030年前实现中国人首次登陆月球。

中国载人航天工程办公室主任助理季启明介绍，“梦舟”和“揽月”这两个新飞行器的名称具有鲜明的中国特色、时代特征和丰富的文化内涵，“梦舟”飞船、“揽月”着陆器将和长征十号运载火箭一起接续承载中国人探索浩瀚宇宙、可上九天揽月的航天梦想。

据介绍，“梦舟”飞船是在神舟飞船基础上全面升级研制的新型天地往返运输飞行器，采用模块化设计，由返回舱和服务舱组成，可以同时满足中国近地空间站运营、载人月球探测等任务的需求。“梦舟”飞船登月任务可搭载3名航天员往返地面与环月轨道，近地轨道飞行任务可搭载7名航天员往返地面与空间站。

航天科技集团五院载人航天领域研制人员马晓兵称：“相比神舟飞船的三舱结构，新一代载人飞船大的外形来看，我们采用了两舱结构，一个服务舱和一个返回舱，整个结构尺寸比原来更大，这样能支持长时间的飞行。”

“揽月”着陆器是中国全新研制的地外天体载人下降与上升飞行器，由登月舱和推进舱组成，主要用于环月轨道和月球表面间的航天员运输，可搭载2名航天员往返，并可携带月球车和科学载荷，是航天员登陆月球后的月面生活中心、能源中心及数据中心，支持开展月面驻留和月面活动。

据载人登月初步方案，将采用两枚长征十号运载火箭先后将着陆器飞船送至地月转移轨道。

中国载人航天工程办公室主任助理季启明介绍，两个飞行器在环月轨道进行交会对接，航天员进入着陆器，并由着陆器将航天员送上月面，航天员在月面按计划开展科学考察和样品采集。完成既定任务后，航天员乘坐揽月着陆器上升到环月轨道，两个飞行器再次交会对接，航天员将月球样品转移到飞船，飞船由月地转移轨道返回地球。

专家介绍，载人月球探测工程实施按照“方案研制、初样和正样研制、无人飞行试验、载人月球飞行任务”分步展开，目前火箭、飞船和月面着陆器系统等全面进入初样研制阶段。

据中国载人航天工程办公室主任助理季启明介绍，航天员测控通信、发射场、着陆场等系统已完成总体技术方案，文昌发射场新建的各项测试发射设施设备也将全面启动建设。

另外，航天科技集团五院载人航天领域研制人员马晓兵表示，目前正在按照2030年实现载人登月的目标，全系统正在紧张有序地紧密推进各项工作。

新闻译文：

CCTV news: On the 15th day of the first lunar month, the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival, the China Manned Space Engineering office announced that after public selection, the name of the new aircraft for China's manned lunar exploration mission was determined, the new generation of manned spacecraft was named "Mengzhou", and the lunar lander was named "Lan Yue". At present, the lunar landing phase of China's manned lunar exploration project has been launched and implemented, with plans to carry out unmanned lunar flights in the early stages and achieve the first Chinese landing on the moon before 2030.

Ji Qiming, assistant director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, introduced that the names "Mengzhou" and "Ranyue", two new aircraft, have distinct Chinese characteristics, historical characteristics, and rich cultural connotations. The "Mengzhou" spacecraft and "Ranyue" lander will continue to carry the Chinese people's space dream of exploring the vast universe and being able to reach the moon for nine days, together with the Long March 10 carrier rocket.

It is reported that the "Mengzhou" spacecraft is a new type of space to earth transportation vehicle that has been comprehensively upgraded and developed based on the Shenzhou spacecraft. It adopts a modular design and is composed of a return module and a service module, which can simultaneously meet the needs of China's near earth space station operation, manned lunar exploration, and other missions. The "Mengzhou" spacecraft's moon landing mission can carry three astronauts back and forth between the ground and the lunar orbit, while the low Earth orbit mission can carry seven astronauts back and forth between the ground and the space station.

Ma Xiaobing, a researcher in the field of manned spaceflight at the Fifth Academy of Aerospace science and technology Group, said, "Compared to the three module structure of the Shenzhou spacecraft, the new generation of manned spacecrafts has a large appearance. We have adopted a two module structure, a service module and a return module, with a larger overall size than before, which can support long-term flight."

The "Ran Yue" lander is a newly developed Chinese extraterrestrial manned descent and ascent vehicle, consisting of a lunar module and a propulsion module. It is mainly used for astronaut transportation between the lunar orbit and the surface of the moon. It can carry two astronauts back and forth, as well as a lunar rover and scientific payload. It is the lunar life center, energy center, and data center for astronauts after landing on the moon, supporting lunar residency and activities.

According to the initial plan for manned lunar landing, two Long March 10 carrier rockets will be used to transport the lander spacecraft to the Earth Moon transfer orbit.

Ji Qiming, Assistant Director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, introduced that the two spacecraft rendezvous and dock in the lunar orbit. The astronauts enter the lander and are transported to the lunar surface by the lander. The astronauts conduct scientific investigations and sample collection on the lunar surface as planned. After completing the established mission, the astronauts boarded a lunar lander and ascended to the lunar orbit. The two spacecraft rendezvous and dock again, and the astronauts transferred the lunar samples to the spacecraft. The spacecraft returned to Earth from the lunar to ground transfer orbit.

Experts introduce that the implementation of manned lunar exploration project is carried out in stages according to "plan development, prototype and prototype development, unmanned flight testing, manned lunar mission". Currently, rockets, spacecraft, and lunar lander systems have fully entered the prototype development stage.

According to Ji Qiming, Assistant Director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, the overall technical plan for astronaut measurement and control communication, launch site, landing site, and other systems has been completed. The construction of various new testing and launch facilities and equipment at the Wenchang launch site will also be fully launched.

In addition, Ma Xiaobing, a researcher in the field of manned spaceflight at the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, stated that the system is currently working closely and orderly to achieve the goal of manned lunar landing by 2030.

重点词汇

正月十五 Lantern festival ; Yuanxiao Festival

载人航天工程 Manned Space Engineering ; the manned space flight project ; human spaceflight program

载人飞船 manned spacecraft

着陆器 lander ; InSight lander

中国人 Chinese ; Sino- ; celestial

载人航天 Manned Space Flight ; manned spaceflight ; Human spaceflight

办公室主任 Director ; office chief ; office manager ; Chief of Staff

中国特色 Chinese characteristics ; distinct Chinese characteristics ; Chinese Way ; Characteristic China

特征和 Characteristics and ; 【数】character sum

运载火箭 carrier rocket ; booster ; carrier missile