欧洲的数字法案迫使科技公司做出改变

Europeans can now choose what online services, including browsers and search engines, to use for their mobile phones and computers.

欧洲人现在可以选择在他们的手机和电脑上使用什么在线服务，包括浏览器和搜索引擎。

They can also choose where to download iPhone apps and how their personal online data is used.

他们还可以选择在哪里下载iPhone应用程序(App)，以及如何使用他们的个人在线数据。

They are part of changes required under the Digital Markets Act (DMA).

它们是《数字市场法》(DMA)要求的变更的一部分。

The DMA is a set of European Union laws that six large technology companies had to start following recently.

DMA是一套欧盟法律，六家大型科技公司最近不得不开始遵守。

Those companies include Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, Google parent Alphabet, Facebook owner Meta, and TikTok owner ByteDance.

这些公司包括亚马逊、苹果、微软、谷歌母公司Alphabet、Facebook母公司Meta和TikTok母公司字节跳动。

The DMA is the latest in a series of laws that Europe has passed as a world leader in controlling large tech companies.

DMA是欧洲作为控制大型科技公司的世界领导者通过的一系列法律中的最新一项。

The companies have followed by changing long-held ways of doing business.

这些公司紧随其后，改变了长期以来的经营方式。

For example, Apple will permit people to download smartphone apps outside of its App Store.

例如，苹果将允许人们在其应用商店之外下载智能手机App。

Here's a look at how the Digital Markets Act will work:

以下是《数字市场法》的运作方式：

Some 22 services, from operating systems to messenger apps and social media companies, fall under the DMA.

从操作系统到即时通讯应用程序和社交媒体公司，约有22项服务属于DMA。

They include Google services like Maps, YouTube, the Chrome browser and the Android operating system.

它们包括谷歌的地图、YouTube、Chrome浏览器和Android操作系统等服务。

Others are the online store Amazon's Marketplace and Apple's Safari browser and operating system iOS.

其他的还有在线商店亚马逊的Marketplace和苹果的Safari浏览器和操作系统iOS。

Meta's social media and messaging sites Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp are included as well as Microsoft's operating system Windows and social media site LinkedIn.

Meta的社交媒体和消息网站Facebook、Instagram和WhatsApp以及微软的操作系统Windows和社交媒体网站LinkedIn也包括在内。

The companies face the threat of large fines of up to 20 percent of their yearly worldwide income for repeated violations.

如果屡次违规，这些公司将面临高达其全球年收入20%的巨额罚款。

That could amount to billions of dollars.

这可能会达到数十亿美元。

And they also face the threat of a breakup for major violations.

他们还面临着因重大违规行为而被拆分的威胁。

Zach Meyers is an assistant director at the center for European Reform, a research organization.

扎克·迈耶斯是研究机构欧洲改革中心的副主任。

He said, "If it works, many Western countries will probably try to follow the DMA…"

他说：“如果它奏效，许多西方国家可能会尝试遵循DMA……”

Already, countries like Japan, Britain, Mexico, South Korea, Australia, Brazil, and India are writing their own versions of DMA-like rules.

日本、英国、墨西哥、韩国、澳大利亚、巴西和印度等国已经在制定自己版本的类似DMA的规则。

The aim is to prevent tech companies from having too much control over online markets.

这样做的目的是防止科技公司对在线市场有太多的控制。

In one of the biggest changes, Apple has said it will let European iPhone users download apps outside its App Store, which comes with its devices.

最大的变化之一是，苹果表示，它将允许欧洲iPhone用户在其设备附带的应用商店之外下载App。

Apple has long opposed such a move.

苹果长期以来一直反对这样的举动。

A large part of its income comes from the 30 percent charge it demands for payments made through iOS apps.

它的很大一部分收入来自它对通过iOS应用程序进行支付收取的30%的费用。

Apple has warned that downloading apps outside of its store will come with added security risks.

苹果警告称，在其应用商店外下载应用程序将伴随着额外的安全风险。

Now, Apple is cutting those charges for developers in Europe that choose to stay with its payment-processing system.

现在，苹果正在为选择继续使用其支付处理系统的欧洲开发者降低这些费用。

But Apple is adding a 55-cent fee for each iOS app downloaded through outside app stores.

但苹果将为通过应用商店外部下载的每款iOS应用增加55美分的费用。

Critics say that will persuade existing free apps to not use outside stores.

批评人士说，这将说服现有的免费应用程序如果不是从商店里下载的话，就不能使用。

Avery Gardiner is a director at the music company Spotify.

艾弗里·加德纳是音乐公司Spotify的董事。

She said those outside app stores will never grow because they will be missing many apps that would need to be there for people to want to use those stores.

她说，应用程序商店之外的app永远不会增长，因为他们将错过许多应用程序，而这些app是人们想要使用这些商店所必需的。

Users of mobile devices will have more choices online.

移动设备的用户将有更多的在线选择。

They will not be forced to use certain services like Apple's Safari browser or Google search engine.

他们将不会被强制使用某些服务，如苹果的Safari浏览器或谷歌搜索引擎。

Android users can choose which search engine to use, and iPhone users will get to choose which browser will be their main one.

Android用户可以选择使用哪个搜索引擎，而iPhone用户将可以选择他们的主要浏览器。

Microsoft, meanwhile, will stop forcing people to use its Edge browser.

与此同时，微软将停止强迫人们使用其Edge浏览器。

Some Google search results will show up differently because the DMA bans companies from giving preference to their own services.

一些谷歌搜索结果将以不同的方式显示，因为DMA禁止公司优先提供自己的服务。

So, for example, searches for hotels will now show a list of booking sites like Expedia.

因此，例如，搜索酒店将显示Expedia等预订网站的列表。

Users can also stop companies from using their online data to target them with advertising.

用户还可以阻止公司使用他们的在线数据来投放广告。

The DMA also requires messaging systems to be able to work with each other.

DMA还要求消息传递系统能够相互协作。

Meta owns two messaging apps that fall under the rules.

Meta拥有两款符合规则的即时通讯应用程序。

So it is expected to come up with a proposal on how Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp users can send messages, videos, and images to each other.

因此，预计它将就Facebook Messenger和WhatsApp用户如何相互发送消息、视频和图像提出建议。

I'm Gregory Stachel.

格雷戈里·斯塔切尔为您播报。

重点词汇

search engines 搜索引擎 ; search engine的复数

use for 用于 ; 作……用

mobile phones 手机 ; 移动电话 ; mobile phone的复数

and how 以及如何 ; <美>非常，很

application program 应用程序

part of 部分

DMA 直接存储器存取，直接内存存取系统(全写为direct memory access，无须使用中央处理器)

a set of 一套 ; 一副

European Union 欧洲联盟