pitching error

This paper discusses the formation of lateral and longitudinal errors of the intermediate point of closed traverse and lateral and longitudinal closing errors of the traverse end.

讨论了附合导线中点横纵向误差及端点横、纵向闭合差的形成，分析了附合导线端点误差与中点误差的比例关系，探讨导线的精度要求，提出了有实用价值的参考意见。