高考英语阅读理解真题 4 篇含答案解析（2020年新高考II卷海南卷）

2020年新高考II卷(海南卷)

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.

Broadcasting Camp

Become the next star reporter news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali.

Secret Agent Camp

In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2-week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.

Culinary Camp

If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.

Street Art Camp

This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non-traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see.

21. How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?

A. 2. B. 4. C. 17. D. 21.

22. What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?

A. Create a website. B. Run a news station.

C. Meet a star reporter. D. hold a dinner party.

23. Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?

A. Broadcasting Camp. B. Secret Agent Camp.

C. Culinary Camp D. Street Art Camp.

答案解析：

21. C. 根据第一段最后一句话"These are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered."可以得知，Pali Overnight Adventures今年夏天提供了17个独特的营地。

22. B. 根据Broadcasting Camp部分的第一句话"While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast..."可以得知，在Broadcasting Camp，孩子们将运营自己的新闻站。

23. C. 根据Culinary Camp部分的第一句话"If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit."可以得知，如果孩子喜欢待在厨房，那么Culinary Camp是最合适的选择，因此这个营地会吸引对烹饪感兴趣的孩子们。

B

The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol(手枪).

I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.

"Please bring that pistol to me" I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box."

"What's that?" they asked.

"It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren" I replied,

"You don't have grandchildren," someone said.

"I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."

My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.

The-years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then someone said, "Now you can use your Grandma's Box." From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, "That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon."

I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.

24. What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students?

A. To collect the water pistol. B. To talk about her grandchildren.

C. To recommend some toys. D. To explain her teaching method.

25. What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?

A. The student's parent. B. The maker of the Grandma's Box.

C. The author's grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit.

26. What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?

A. They went to play with the baby.

B. They asked to see the Grandma's Box.

C. They made a present for Gordon.

D. They stopped asking their toys back.

27. What can we infer about the author?

A. She enjoys telling jokes. B. She is a strict and smart teacher.

C. She loves doing woodwork. D. She is a responsible grandmother

答案解析：

24. A.根据第一段中“I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.(在缺席了15年之后，我又回到了教书的地方，处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中“‘Please bring that pistol to me,’ I said. ‘I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.’(“请把那支水枪给我，”我说。“我要把它放在我‘奶奶的盒子’里。”)”由此可知，作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。故选A。

25. D. 在第八段中提到，“通常，罪犯会在一天结束时出现，我会归还物品”，结合前文提到的“禁果”，可以推断出“the offender”指的是禁果的主人，即拿走不应该拿的东西的学生。因此，答案为D。

26. D. 根据文中最后一句话"From then on instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, 'That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon.'"可以得知，学生们在得知Gordon出生后，不再要求取回他们的玩具，而是选择将它们放入"Grandma's Box"给Gordon。

27. B. 从作者处理学生带来的禁止物品的方式可以看出，她是一个严格的老师，同时她创造性地使用"Grandma's Box"这个概念，表明她也是一个聪明的老师。文中没有提及她喜欢讲笑话、做木工或作为祖母的责任，因此这些选项都不正确。

C

In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800, 000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway(晃动). The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.

The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean(赞歌)to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles(航天飞机)Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.

Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.

Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.

"Success is success but that is all that it is," Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.

28. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?

A. It carried more weight than it could.

B. It swayed violently in a strong wind

C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles

D. Its access was blocked by many people.

29 Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?

A. No design is well received everywhere

B. construction is more important than design.

C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design

D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.

30. What does the last paragraph suggest?

A. Failure can lead to progress.

B. Success results in overconfidence

C. Failure should be avoided.

D. Success comes from joint efforts.

31. What is the text?

A. A news report B. A short story.

C. A book review D. A research article.

答案解析：

28. A.根据第一段中的描述，工程师们注意到桥面正在下陷，因为它承受了前所未有的重负荷，这表明桥承载了超过其承受能力的重量。

29. C. 第三段中，Petroski博士提到设备失败有时是因为好的设计用低质量的材料不熟练地建造，或者是因为一个设计太好而被反复采用，直到突然不再有效。这表明并非所有的灾难都是由工程设计造成的。

30. A.最后一段中，Petroski博士写道“成功就是成功，但这就是全部”，然后指出是失败带来了改进。这表明失败可以导致进步。

31. C. 整篇文章讨论了Petroski博士的书《To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure》，包括书中的内容、观点和作者的意图，因此这是一篇书评。

D

Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush(灌木丛)in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.

Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层)of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.

Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.

They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity(湿气)of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.

32. What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?

A. They produce oxygen. B. They cover a vast area.

C. They are well managed. D. They are rich in wildlife.

33. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?

A. Heavy rains B. Big trees. C. small plants. D. Forest animals.

34. Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?

A. For more sunlight. B. For more growing space.

C. For self-protection. D. For the detection of insects.

35. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Life-Giving Rainforests B. The law of the Jungle

C. Animals in the Amazon D. Weather in Rainforests

答案解析：

32. D. 第一段提到雨林是多种药物植物、食物、鸟类和动物的家园，一个灌木丛就可能拥有比整个英国还多的蚂蚁种类，一公顷的雨林中就能找到大约480种树木。这些都表明雨林在野生动植物种类上非常丰富。

33. B. 第二段提到高大的树木形成了树冠层，保护了自己、较小的植物和森林动物免受大雨、强烈的阳光和强风的侵袭，这是雨林自我生存保障的完美系统。因此，大树对雨林的生存贡献最大。

34. C. 第三段提到科学家认为树木以这种方式生长是为了防止任何树病的传播，并使像毛虫这样的食叶昆虫的生活更加困难。这表明树叶和树枝避免相互接触是为了自我保护。

35. A. 整篇文章讲述了雨林如何为地球提供氧气、如何自我维持生存、以及它们如何影响天气和降雨，这些都表明雨林对生命至关重要。因此，"Life-Giving Rainforests"是一个合适的标题。其他选项要么范围太窄，要么与文章内容不符。