deficit

From variance-covariance, value-at-risk to conditional risk measures (conditional value at risk, tail conditional expectation, worst conditional expectation, expected shortfall), they have be gradually accepted and applied to financial industry and non-financial industry.

风险管理是当今金融行业中最优考虑的事之一,而风险定量化研究又是风险管理的中心任务之一,从方差 协方差、风险价值到条件风险度量(如条件风险价值、尾部条件期望、最坏条件期望以及期望亏空),已经逐渐被人们所接受并广泛地应用于金融行业和非金融行业。